Middle-income and low-income CTs

General characteristics of Middle-income and Low-income/fragile cash transfers: A basic typology

	Middle-income CTs	Low-income/Fragile state CTs
Program Start Date	Prior to 2000 (many colonial era)	2000 and later
Duration of Program	Long-term	Short-term
Objectives	Poverty-focused	Focused on food security, human capital, emergency response
Approach to Social Protection	Ex ante prevention and promotion	Ex post protection
Coverage	Widescale coverage of vulnerable/poor population	Limited coverage of select vulnerable groups
Targeting	Universal or near-universal coverage of eligible group	Limited target group
Use of Communities	Limited	Often involved in targeting, monitoring, payment distribution
Conditions	No	Sometimes
Institutional Base	Government	Outside of Government
Legal Support and Enabling Legislation	Yes; rights-based programs	Still incipient
Monitoring Systems	Established; appeals mechanisms in place	Quality is varied and sometimes very weak
Funders	Government	Donor or government plus donor
Complementary Programs	Usually part of a social assistance system	Usually stand-alone